Carbapenemases: the Versatile -Lactamases
نویسندگان
چکیده
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................440 CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES ................................................................................................................................440 MOLECULAR CLASS A CARBAPENEMASES ....................................................................................................441 Chromosomally Encoded Enzymes: SME, NMC, and IMI...............................................................................441 Plasmid-Encoded Enzymes: KPC and GES ........................................................................................................444 CLASS B METALLO-LACTAMASES .................................................................................................................445 Recent Epidemiology ..............................................................................................................................................446 CLASS D SERINE-CARBAPENEMASES: THE OXA -LACTAMASES ..........................................................448 DETECTION OF CARBAPENEMASES .................................................................................................................450 MICs .........................................................................................................................................................................450 Microbiological Tests with Inhibitors ..................................................................................................................450 Biochemical and Molecular Tests ........................................................................................................................452 CARBAPENEMASE ORIGINS AND TRANSMISSION.......................................................................................452 CONCLUDING REMARKS......................................................................................................................................452 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................453
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